The Drift Layer

Papers

Every publication keeps its address. Versions are never overwritten; a correction appears alongside its predecessor with a dated note. See versions and errata.

9 September 2026 · version 1 · PDF · CC BY 4.0

Response to the RPIB consultation on the Design of the Future Retail Payments Infrastructure, Questions 11, 17, 17a and 18

A response to the Bank of England's Retail Payments Infrastructure Board on agentic payments and advanced delegation: what the published agent-payment protocols do not produce when a human is brought back into the loop, why the rails cannot reconstruct the authority decision, and the narrow capability that would let an executed agentic payment be joined to the authority that permitted it.

10 September 2026 · version 1 · CC BY 4.0

Four Measures for Mandate Conformance

The measurement vocabulary: evaluation coverage, mandate conformance, divergence incidence over six predicate classes, and unauthorised continuation — with the ways each of them can be made to lie, published beside them.